To ensure the structured development of the solar tracking system, it is essential to define a clear set of requirements. These requirements will guide the design and implementation process, ensuring that the system meets its intended purpose efficiently. The requirements can be categorized into four main groups: functional, non-functional, technical, and user requirements.
Firstly, the functional requirements define the core operations of the system. The solar tracking system must continuously monitor the sun’s position using four solar sensors, which are placed in a structure divided into four quadrants. Each sensor is positioned within a specific quadrant, allowing the system to detect which quadrant receives the highest solar intensity. This information is then used to determine the sun’s position and adjust the panel’s orientation accordingly.
Based on the collected data, an algorithm should process the information and adjust the panel’s orientation accordingly. To achieve this, two linear actuators will be responsible for tilting the solar panel, while a rotating base will adjust the entire structure’s direction to maximize sunlight exposure. Additionally, the system must operate autonomously after initial setup, minimizing the need for user intervention.
In addition to these functional aspects, the system must also meet several non-functional requirements. The tracking mechanism should be energy-efficient, minimizing power consumption by the motors and sensors. Furthermore, the response time to changes in the sun’s position should remain within an optimal range to maximize energy production. Additionally, the system’s movements should be smooth and precise to prevent excessive mechanical stress, ensuring long-term durability.
From a technical perspective, several key specifications must be considered. The sensors should provide accurate real-time data on sunlight intensity, allowing for precise adjustments. The actuators must have sufficient power and precision to efficiently control the panel’s inclination. Moreover, the rotating base should be capable of supporting the panel’s weight while allowing smooth rotation with minimal energy loss. A control unit will be necessary to process sensor inputs and execute movement commands effectively. Finally, the materials used in the system should be lightweight yet durable, ensuring resistance to environmental conditions.
Lastly, it is crucial to address user requirements.
The overall cost should remain affordable, ensuring accessibility for users with financial constraints. At the same time, the tracking system must significantly enhance energy production compared to fixed solar panels, making it a worthwhile and practical investment. To better illustrate the proposed solution, the team built a LEGO model as shown in both pictures below. The solar panel’s tilt is controlled by a sliding mechanism. Moving the block adjusts the support arm, changing the panel’s angle. The entire LEGO solar panel assembly sits on a rotating base, providing an extra degree of freedom for positioning towards the sun. These visuals demonstrate the system’s capability to adjust its tilt according to the sun’s position, maximizing energy capture.
Thanks for the update!